Mycotoxins-
a P.A.K. Approach
Michael Lebowitz DC
Jeff Robinson DC
Abstract: Mycotoxins are another piece of the puzzle in
the chronically ill patient. A new simple AK screening procedure is now
available to help discern if these are an issue with your patients.
Environmental remediation as well as ingestion of certain nutritional
substances to facilitate excretion can help bring health restoration to
chronically ill patients
WHAT ARE MYCOTOXINS?
Mycotoxins are toxins produced by molds or fungi
that can appear in the food chain or from buildings that have water damage that
is not immediately corrected. Molds such
as Stachybotrys (Black Mold), Aspergillus,
Acremonium, Actiniomycetes,
Penicillium and Chaetomium,
etc.can start colonies, which then send out spores
producing mycotoxins as a survival mechanism.
Mycotoxins are well known in agriculture for
contaminating crops and making livestock sick.
Cooking and freezing do not destroy them and they resist decomposition
or being broken down in digestion. The toxins themselves are lipophilic and are
easily absorbed in the digestive tract, inhaled through the nose and can be
absorbed through the skin.
Mycotoxins have been used as biological
weapons. Evidence suggested that Russia
had attacked Southeast Asia with “Trichothecene” mycotoxins (“yellow rain”), resulting in the deaths of
thousands. Mycotoxins
have higher toxicity than nerve gas. The
people contaminated also had vomiting, dizziness, seizures, coughing blood, respiratory
distress, low blood pressure, and blisters. Survivors were chronically ill for
a long time with rashes, joint pain, fatigue, and memory problems.
Mycotoxins are found in a large percentage of
cancers and affect nearly every system in the body. They can:
1.
Inhibit protein, DNA, mitochondrial protein synthesis, and impair ribosome
function.
2.
Erode the myelin sheath causing neurological symptoms,
seizures, headaches, muscle weakness, twitches, etc.
3.
Cause immuno-suppression by
allowing opportunistic bacterial and viral infections to occur.
4.
Chronic exposure can lower white blood cell counts (toxic
aleukia). Effects accumulate with repeated exposures.
Some of the
more important/commons ones are:
Trichothecenes: Are produced by Stachybotrys
and Fusarium, and they inhibit protein synthesis,
kill cells and are extremely dangerous.
Symptoms can include vomiting, pain, weakness, dizziness, ataxia,
anorexia, diarrhea, bleeding, as well as depression of circulating white blood
cells. Other symptoms include dry eyes, drowsiness, skin rashes, blood-red
eyes, coughing/vomiting/urinating of blood, nosebleeds, and skin can begin to
bleed without reason. Brain function is impaired, from slurred speech to
various psychological conditions from Multiple Personality Disorder to
Paranoia.
Zearalenone:
Is an estrogen mimic, most commonly causing vulvovaginitis
in gilts (young female pigs) .This condition sometimes leads to vaginal or
rectal prolapse which commonly results in reduced litter size, loss of
pregnancy, and poor milk production in affected swine. Males may be feminized
to some extent. Similar syndromes occur in cattle and sheep fed zearalenone-contaminated feed.
Fumonosins:
Are implicated in causing a disease of horses in which brain tissue is damaged
and horses showed ataxia, facial and other paralysis, seizures, partial
blindness, lethargy or excitement.
Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity are also seen. Fumonisins are also
among the chief suspects for the agent(s) of elevated levels of esophageal
cancer in humans in certain parts of the world.
Aflatoxins:
Are produced by many species of Aspergillus,
they are toxic and can be cancer producing especially when metabolized by the
liver to a reactive intermediate, aflatoxin M1. High-level exposure produces an acute damage
and cirrhosis of the liver as well as cancer of the liver. Children are particularly affected by aflatoxin exposure which leads to stunted growth and
delayed development.
Ochratoxin
A: A mycotoxin
produced by Aspergillus ochraceus
and Penicillium verrucosum
and is one of the most abundant food-contaminating mycotoxins
in the world. Human exposure occurs
mainly through consumption of improperly stored food products, particularly
contaminated grain and pork products, as well as coffee, wine grapes, and dried
grapes. The toxin has been found in the
tissues and organs of animals, including human blood and breast milk. Ochratoxin A is
potentially carcinogenic to humans.
Mycotoxins have been
found in a large percentage of cancers ranging from astrocytomas,
mesothelioma, lung adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and uterine cancers.
As many as
1,000 compounds, are classifiable as mycotoxins. The
pharmacology industry studied them as potential antibiotics in the 1930s and
1940s only to be discarded as being too toxic for higher life forms. You
can now understand the mechanism of Penicillin and how it being a mycotoxin would kill undesirable bacteria, unfortunately
also in the process killing beneficial bacteria.
Common
Symptoms of Mycotoxins;
1.
Rosacea or flushed face, rashes, facial
hyperpigmentation, allergic shiners
2.
Nasal turbinate inflammation, sinus infections
3.
Hypothyroid symptoms , dry hair, loss of lateral third of
eyebrow, cold hands/feet, heat intolerance, hair loss
4.
Asthma, shortness of breath, cough, bronchitis, pulmonary
aspergillosis
5.
Fungal infections of skin, nails, vagina, groin and
dandruff
6.
Cognitive Dysfunction , short term memory loss ,problems
with color discrimination, ADHD, distractible, cannot read, cannot write,
confusion, blurred vision, headaches, vertigo, deafness, dizziness, tremors,
seizures
7.
Pituitary damage, Multiple Hormone Deficiencies (Thyroid,
Cortisol, Growth Hormone, Estrogen, Testosterone etc), Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
8.
Chemical sensitivities, sound and light sensitivity
9.
Alcohol intolerance,
hangovers, alcoholism
10. Cardiovascular disease, arrhythmias, seizures, stabbing sensations
11. Irritable bowel,
gastro esophageal reflux issues, diarrhea, bloating, gas, leaky gut, food
sensitivities
12. Immune
Suppression, Fatigue, muscle aches, joint pain/morning stiffness, arthritis,
muscle weakness, abdominal pain,
systemic inflammation
13. Weakness,
numbness/tingling, skin sensitivity, static shocks, bladder paralysis, muscle
paralysis
AK application
1. See if the
mixed mycotoxin vial (AK Test Kits 1-970-201-7406)
causes either a “strong muscle” to “weaken” or become “hypertonic”. Hypertonicity is more common. If it does, it is a positive test. If negative
and you suspect mycotoxins, test all the individual mycotoxins the same way.
2. See if the
positive vials are negated by any of the following and supplement as indicated
a) Smilax
Supreme- 1 cap 3x/day
b) Takesumi
Supreme- 1 scoop twice daily
c) Schisandra Supreme- 1 cap 3x/day
d) Body Guard
Supreme- 1 cap 3x/day
e) Vital
Guard Supreme- 3 caps 3x/day
f)
Glutathione- 1 cap 2x/day
All supreme
products by supreme nutrition 1-800-922-1744 and are listed in order of
frequency that they test in this condition
Prevention/ Lifestyle and Treatment
Considerations
1.
Remove toxins from environment. Correct water leaks,
moldy basements, air conditioner condensation, refrigerator catch basin, etc.
2.
Consider air filtration (a combo of carbon and HEPA
filtration)
3.
Food sensitivity avoidance due to leaky gut caused by mycotoxins
4.
Sauna, lymphatic massage. Be careful with sauna as
patients may ‘CRASH’ when you release all the stored toxins from your fat. 20
min of sweating /day.
5.
Epsom Salt baths
6.
Neurotransmitter support until toxins cleared from brain
(Ashwaganda, L-tyrosine, L-tryptophan, Gaba etc)
7.
Don’t neglect to clear dysbiosis, toxin metals and food
toxins to bring the most satisfactory results.
CONCLUSION
It is the
authors opinions that screening for mycotoxins should
routinely be done on chronic patients as well as screening for dysbiosis, food
reactions, toxic metals and chemicals, nutrient deficiencies etc. The few
minutes of time it takes is well worth the information you will elicit and will
positively influence the clinical outcome
References
1. Toxicol Sci. 2007 Nov 15; Stachybotrys chartarum, Trichothecene Mycotoxins, and Damp Building-Related Illness: New Insights into a Public Health Enigma. Pestka JJ, Yike I, Dearborn DG, Ward MD, Harkema JR.
2. Am J Public Health. 2007 Oct;97(10):1893-9. Epub 2007 Aug 29. Dampness and mold in the home and depression: anexamination of mold-related illness and perceivedcontrol of one's home as possible depression pathways.Shenassa ED, Daskalakis C, Liebhaber A, Braubach M, Brown M.Division of Epidemiology, Department of Community Health, Brown School ofMedicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
3. Ciegler A, Bennett JW. Mycotoxins and mycotoxicoses. Bioscience. 1980;30(8):512–515.
4. Moss MO. Mycotoxins of Aspergillus and other filamentous fungi. J Appl Bacteriol. 1989;67(symposium suppl):69S–81S.
5. Ueno Y. Trichothecene mycotoxins: Mycology, chemistry, and toxicology. Adv Nutr Res. 1989;3:301–353.
6. Wannemacher RW Jr, Bunner DL, Neufeld HA. Toxicity of trichothecenes and other related mycotoxins in laboratory animals. In: Smith JE, Henderson RS, eds. Mycotoxins and Animal Foods. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press;1991: 499–552.
7. Haig AM Jr. Chemical Warfare in Southeast Asia and Afghanistan. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; March 22, 1982. Report to the Congress. Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare 672
8. Rosen RT, Rosen JD. Presence of four Fusarium mycotoxins and synthetic material in “yellow rain”: Evidence for the use of chemical weapons in Laos. Biomed Mass Spectrom. 1982;9(10):443–450.
9. Mirocha CJ, Pawlosky RA, Chatterjee K, Watson S, Hayes W. Analysis for Fusarium toxins in various samples implicated in biological warfare in Southeast Asia. J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1983;66(6):1485–1499
10. Watson SA, Mirocha CJ, Hayes AW. Analysis for trichothecenes in samples from Southeast Asia associatedwith “Yellow Rain.” Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1984;4(5):700–717.
11. Dashek WV, Mayfield JE, Llewellyn GC, O’Rear CE, Bata A. Trichothecenes and yellow rain: Possible biological warfare agents. Bioessays. 1986;4(1):27–30.
12. Marshall E. The apology of yellow rain. Science. 1983;221(4608):242.
13. Yellow rain: British analyses find no toxin. Nature . 1986;321(6069):459. News.
14. Wannemacher RW, Bunner DL, Pace JG, Neufeld HA, Brennecke LH, Dinterman RE. Dermal toxicity of T-2 toxin in guinea pigs, rats, and cynomolgus monkeys. In: Lacey J, ed. Trichothecenes and Other Mycotoxins. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 1985: 423–432.
15. Bunner DL, Upshall DG, Bhatti AR. Toxicology data on T-2 toxin. In: Report of Focus Officers Meeting on Mycotoxin Toxicity, September 23–24, 1985. Suffield, Alta, Canada: Defense Research Establishment at Suffield; 1985.
16. Stahl CJ, Green CC, Farnum JB. The incident at Tuol Chrey: Pathological and toxicological examination of a casualty after chemical attack. J Forensic Sci. 1985;30(2):317–337.
17. Creasia DA, Thurman JD, Wannemacher RW Jr, Bunner DL
18. Marrs TC, Edginton
JA, Price PN, Upshall DG. Acute toxicity of T2 mycotoxin to the
guinea-pig by inhalation and subcutaneous routes. Br J Exp Path. 1986;67(2):259–268.
19. Creasia DA, Thurman JD, Jones LJ, et al. Acute inhalation toxicity of T-2 mycotoxin in mice. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1987;8(2):230–235.
20. Committee on Protection Against Mycotoxins, Board on Toxicology and Environmental Health Hazards, Commissionon Life Sciences, National Research Council. Protection Against Trichothecene Mycotoxins. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1983.
21. Joffe AZ. Alimentary toxic aleukia. In: Kadis S, Ciegler A, Ajl SJ, eds. Microbiol Toxins. Vol 7. In: Algal and Fungal Toxins. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1971: 139–189.
22. CW, Mehlman MA, eds. Mycotoxins in Human and Animal Health. Park Forest South, Ill: Pathotox Publishers;1977: 329–336.
23. Forgacs J. Stachybotryotoxicosis. In: Kadis S, Ciegler A, Ajl SJ, eds. Microbial Toxins. Vol 8. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1972: 95–128.
24. Hintikka E-L. Stachybotryotoxicosis as a veterinary problem. In: Rodricks JV, Hesseltine CW, Mehlman MA,eds. Mycotoxins in Human Health. Park Forest South, Ill: Pathotox Publishers; 1977: 277–284.
25. Eppley RM. Chemistry of stachybotryotoxicosis. In: Rodericks JV, Hesseltine CW, Mehlman MA, eds. Mycotoxinsin Human and Animal Health. Park Forest South, Ill: Pathotox Publishers; 1977: 285–293.
26. Croft WA, Jarvis BB, Yatawara CS. Airborne outbreak of trichothecene toxicosis. Atmos Environ. 1986;20(3):549–552.
27. Jarvis BB. Macrocyclic trichothecenes. In: Sharma RP, Salunkhe DK, eds. Mycotoxins and Phytoalexins. BocaRaton, Fla: CRC Press; 1991: 361–421.
28. Cole RJ, Cox RH. The trichothecenes. In: Cole RJ, Cox RH. Handbook of Toxic Fungal Metabolites. New York, NY:Academic Press; 1981: 152–263.
29. Sharma RP, Kim Y-W. Trichothecenes. In: Sharma RP, Salunkhe DK, eds. Mycotoxins and Phytoalexins. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press; 1991: 339–359.
30. McLaughlin CS, Vaughan MH, Campbell IM, Wei CM, Stafford ME, Hansen BS. Inhibition of protein synthesisby trichothecenes. In: Rodericks JV, Hesseltine CW, Mehlman MA, eds. Mycotoxins in Human and Animal Health. Park Forest South, Ill: Pathotox Publishers; 1977: 263–275.
31. Yoshizawa T, Morooka N. Trichothecenes from mold infested cereals in Japan. In: Rodericks JV, Hesseltine CW,Mehlman MA, eds. Mycotoxins in Human and Animal Health. Park Forest South, Ill: Pathotox Publishers; 1977:309–321.
32. Thompson WL, Wannemacher RW Jr. In vivo effects of T-2 mycotoxin on synthesis of proteins and DNA in rat tissues. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1990;105(3):482–491.
33. Busby WF Jr, Wogan GN. Trichothecenes. In: Shank RC, ed. Mycotoxins and N-Nitroso Compounds: Environmental Risks. Vol 2. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press; 1981: 29–41.
34. Middlebrook JL, Leatherman DL. Specific association of T-2 toxin with mammalian cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 1989;38(18):3093–3102.
35. Bunner DL, Morris ER. Alteration of multiple cell membrane functions in L–6 myoblasts by T-2 toxin: An important mechanism of action. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1988;92(1):113–121.
36. Suneja SK, Wagle DS, Ram GC. Effect of oral administration of T-2 toxin on glutathione shuttle enzymes, microsomal reductase and lipid peroxidation in rat liver. Toxicon. 1989;27(9):995–1001.
37. Pace JG, Watts MR, Canterbury WJ. T-2 mycotoxin inhibits mitochondrial protein synthesis. Toxicon. 1988; 26(1):77–85.
38. Kemppainen BW, Riley RT. Penetration of [3H]T-2 toxin through excised human and guinea-pig skin during exposure to [3H]T-2 toxin adsorbed to corn dust. Food Chem Toxicol. 1984;22(11):893–896.
39. Westlake K, Mackie RI, Dutton MF. T-2 toxin metabolism by ruminal bacteria and its effect on their growth. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987;53(3):587–592.
40. Swanson SP, Helaszek C, Buck WB, Rood HDJ, Haschek WM. The role of intestinal microflora in the metabolism of trichothecene mycotoxins. Food Chem Toxicol. 1988;26(10):823–830.
41. Yagen B, Bialer M. Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of T-2 toxin and related trichothecenes. Drug and Phytoalexins. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press; 1991: 33–79.
42. Fricke RF, Jorge J. Assessment of efficacy of activated charcoal for treatment of acute T-2 toxin poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1990;28(4):421–431.
43. Shohami E, Wisotsky B, Kempski O, Feuerstein G. Therapeutic effect of dexamethasone in T-2 toxicosis. Pharmacol Res. 1987;4(6):527–530.
44. Kravchenko LV, Avreneva LI, Tutelian VA. Lowering the content of SH-glutathione and glutathione transferase activity in the liver as a factor in increasing the toxicity of T-2 toxin. Vopr Med Khim. 1983;29(5):135–137. Translated from Russian.
45. Markham RJ, Erhardt NP, Di Ninno VL, Penman D, Bhatti AR. Flavonoids protect against T-2 mycotoxins both in vitro and in vivo. J Gen Microbiol. 1987;133(6):1589–1592.
46. Masood A, Ranjan KS. Cumulative effect of vitamin C and T-2 toxin on clinical abnormalities in guinea pigs (Cavea cavea). Biomed Lett. 1994;49(195):213–217.
47. Kravchenko LV, Kranauskas AE, Dzhaparidze LM, Avreneva LI, Spirichev VB. Effect of different supplies ofvitamin E on biochemical changes in T-2 mycotoxicosis in rats. Vopr Med Khim. 1986;32(6):99–103. Translated from Russian.
48. Tutelyan VA, Kravchenko LV, Kuzmina EE, Avrenieva LI, Kumpulainen JT. Dietary selenium protects against acute toxicity of T-2 toxin in rats. Food Addit Contam. 1990;7(6):821–827.
49. Leatherman DL, Middlebrook JL. Effect of emetine on T-2 toxin-induced inhibition of protein synthesis in mammalian cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1993;266(2):741–748